Life Extension

Two-Per-Day

• Advanced vitamin-mineral complex
• Contains nicotinamide riboside (a precursor of NAD⁺)
• Supports mitochondrial health
• Improves the process of cellular respiration
• Double or triple vitamin dose for better bioavailability
• Contains the active form of vitamin B6 (P-5-P)
• Combination of folate and methylcobalamine
• Enriched with alpha-lipolic acid, lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene

Life Extension Two-Per-Day is a high-quality vitamin-mineral formula, based on clinically tested, patented and biologically active forms of both vitamins and minerals, as well as other health-promoting nutrients. Compared to conventional products, this preparation has up to 50 times greater potency of individual nutrients.

Life Extension Two-Per-Day comprises the following ingredients:

Vitamin A (as beta-carotene and retinol acetate) – the common name of fat soluble retinoids (retinol, retinal and retinoic acid), of which the most important one is retinol, showing the highest bioactivity. These compounds stimulate growth and differentiation of epithelial cells as well as increase the synthesis of membrane glycoproteins.

Vitamin A plays an important role in the reception of visual stimuli in the retina of the eye, is responsible for the integrity of cell membranes, regulates growth of epithelial tissue and other cells in the body, maintains the normal condition of skin, hair and nails and supports the growth of healthy bones and teeth.

Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid and calcium ascorbate) is an essential, water-soluble vitamin that must be supplied with food because the human being is not able to synthesise it. It neutralises oxygen free radicals and helps protect cells from oxidative stress. In addition, it's involved in the metabolism of tyrosine, in the production of corticosteroids, noradrenaline, bile acids, carnitine, erythrocytes and acts as a coenzyme in collagen maturation.

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is an organic steroid compound, traditionally classified as a vitamin, however, in the human body it functions as a prohormone. It's formed from cholesterol in the skin in response to the exposure to UVB sun rays. Its main function is to increase calcium absorption in the intestines and reduce the excretion by the kidneys which therefore regulates calcium-phosphate balance and affects bone structure.

What's more, vitamin D has immunomodulatory and partly antimicrobial properties. Vitamin D supports the innate immunity and simultaneously causes the acquired immunosuppression, thereby inhibiting autoimmune reactions. Scientists have also proven that it contributes to reducing the risk of type 1 diabetes and some types of cancer, improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance and protects genes against mutations.

Vitamin E (as a natural mixture of tocopherols) - a group of eight compounds with antioxidant properties: tocopherols and tocotrienols, among which each form has a slightly different biological activity; it's the main antioxidant in the body to protect cells from an excess of free radicals. It participates in the delivery of nutrients to cells, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, extends the life of red blood cells, treats male infertility, prevents arteriosclerosis and heart diseases.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) – plays a key role in energy metabolism, in particular in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids during the process of cellular respiration. In the body, it's converted into its bioactive form – thiamine pyrophosphorate. As a necessary part of many metabolic and biochemical pathways, it affects the nervous system and brain function.

As a prerequisite for the proper metabolism of glucose and carbohydrates, it facilitates the supply of the right amount of energy to nervous cells, resulting in normal concentration and more optimism. Moreover, as thiamine triphosphate, it is involved in the conduction of nerve impulses. By phosphorylating a chloride channel in the membrane of a nerve cell, it functions at the same time as its activator. Thiamine deficiency causes neurological disorders.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) – essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the process of biological oxidation in cells. It has a vital role in the aerobic energy production where it's a precursor of two basic nucleotide coenzymes: FMN and FAD which are also the active form of riboflavin. It facilitates the energy production from carbohydrates and fats, is a cofactor of respiratory enzymes and is essential for body growth and the production of red cells. Its deficiency leads among others to dizziness and lack of concentration.

FMN (flavin mononucleotide) is an ester of phosphoric acid and riboflavin. It takes part in multiple redox reactions of living organisms, e.g. in the synthesis of FAD. It has a substantial role in cellular respiration in the respiratory chain where it's a component of a large protein complex (NADH dehydrogenase) which accepts electrons from NADH and transfer them further, up to the oxygen atoms. The function of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation is the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 and keeping the released energy in an ATP molecule. These processes take place in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Niacin (vitamin B3) – also known as vitamin PP – occurs in two biologically active forms: nicotinic acid (nicotinate) and nicotinamide/niacinamide (nicotinic acid niamide). The bioactivity of this compound is associated with the nicotinamide ring of the NAD + and NADP+ coenzyme, involved in reduction-oxidation reactions (redox). This vitamin is responsible for the proper functioning of the brain and peripheral nervous system, the synthesis of sex hormones, cortisol, insulin and thyroxine (T4).

Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine and P-5-P) – a group of six compounds (pyridoxine, pirydoxal and pyridoxamine and their 5'-phosphates) from which the biologically active form is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, abbreviated as P-5-P. This vitamin participates in numerous metabolic processes as a coenzyme, mainly in the metabolism of amino acids (transamination and decarboxylation) and muscle glycogen (glycogen phosphorylase). In addition, it's crucial in the mechanism of action of steroid hormones – it breaks the bond between hormone-receptor complex and DNA, inhibiting their activity.

What's more, vitamin B6 aids in the proper synthesis of cysteine, stimulates the supply of neurons with glucose, assists in the normal functioning of the nervous system, helps to achieve correct metabolism of homocysteine. It's necessary for the synthesis of antibodies and red blood cells, and a lot of evidence supports the effectiveness of its use in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Methylfolate (as 5-Me-THF) – also known as vitamin B9 or B11; the biologically active form of folic acid which in the body acts as a coenzyme in the transfer of active one-carbon groups (methyl, formyl, forminino, methylene and methenyl groups). It's recommended for people with impaired methylation and high homocysteine levels and for pregnant women. It supports cognitive functions and functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin) – a biologically active form of vitamin B12 which positively affects functions of the nervous system and the brain, improves methylation, lowers homocysteine levels and is crucial in the growth and replication of cells.

Biotin (vitamin B7, vitamin H) is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes which means that it is involved in the transfer of the carboxyl group to various organic compounds – e.g. in gluconeogenesis, the Krebs cycle and the synthesis of fatty acids. It supports functioning of the thyroid gland and affects the condition of skin and hair.

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) – as coenzyme A (CoA), it acts as a carrier of acyl groups in many important metabolic processes, including the Krebs cycle. It also speeds up wound healing, prevents fatigue and supports the cardiovascular system. It takes part in tissue repair and improves pigmentation and the condition of hair.

Calcium – an essential element (macroelement) for the proper functioning of the body and first and foremost to maintain the normal structure of bones and teeth. Calcium ions are involved in the conduction of nerve impulses and neuromuscular communication.

Iodine – a microelement stored in the thyroid gland, a consituent of the thyroid hormones – thyroxine and triiodothyronine, performing an essential role in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals and regulating growth.

Magnesium – is an activator of many enzymes, directly or indirectly affecting metabolic pathways. More than half of magnesium is found in bones, 25% of this element is located in skeletal muscles and the rest is distributed mostly in the nervous system and organs with high metabolic activity, i.e. in the heart muscle, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, endocrine glands and lymphatic system.

Boron – plays a significant role in the synthesis of nucleic acids and maintenance of the body's normal calcium balance; has an impact on brain cell activity.

Chromium – a mineral essential to life (microelement), present in active sites of different enzymes where it is also involved in the metabolism of fat and carbohydrates. Its deficiency reduces the sensitivity of cells to insulin activity, causes impaired immunity and decreased performance, disrupts appetite control mechanisms and may contribute to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Zinc – has an essential role in metabolic reactions at the cellular level and participates in the stabilization of cell membranes. It's a constituent of about 200 enzymes involved in various metabolic processes where is present in their active centres and facilitates the correct binding mode of a substrate to an enzyme.

Manganese – is a part of enzymes and their activator. It enhances quality and function of the connective tissue and is a key factor for normal functioning of the brain

Molybdenum –is used in the treatment of anaemia. It promotes well-being.

Potassium – is an essential mineral (microelement) to the human body. Even though it is found in almost all food products, there is sometimes deficiency of this mineral. This element is responsible for normal muscle function and good concentration. It's involved in the transmission of nerve impulses by neurons, provides optimal hydration in the body and is an activator of many enzymes.

Selenium – regulates the functioning of thyroid gland, affects growth and development, including the sexual one, as well as tissue elasticity; removes some toxins from the body and destroys cancer cells.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) – thioctic acid or lipoic acid – functions as a coenzyme carrying protons and electrons, interacting with oxidoreductases (a class of enzymes catalysing oxidation-reduction reactions). It's one of the scavengers (acceptors) of free radicals, i.e. substances that easily react with free radicals, resulting in the formation of less reactive compounds. Apart from that, lipolic acid has the ability to regenerate reduced forms of ther antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E by restoring their antioxidant potential.

Lycopene belongs to carotenoids which have antioxidant properties. Antioxidants bind reactive oxygen species (free radicals) which are considered to be the cause of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure). It is important that lycopene not only neutralises free radicals, but also has the ability to regenerate other antioxidants, e.g. lutein.

Nicotinamide riboside – a derivative of niacin which after being introduced into the body becomes a precursor for the synthesis of the NAD+ coenzyme (nicotamide adenine dinucleotide). Decreased NAD+ levels caused by ageing of the body or deficiency of precursors leads to the impairment of cellular metabolism and consequently to occurring signs of fatigue and lack of motivation. Furthermore, this coenzyme plays a major role in regulating genes that control the ageing process.

To sum up, Life Extension Two-Per-Day is a perfect complex of vitamins, minerals and health-promoting substances that contains bioactive forms of these components Designed to supplement a daily diet, for athletes and as a part of preventive healthcare.